The Florida Land and Colonization Company was located in Sanford, Florida in Seminole County. The Company was established by Henry Sanford in 1880, who hoped to use the Company to help sell and develop his land holdings in Florida. The location for the Florida headquarters in Sanford was the result of his focus on developing the town to attract new investors and residents. The Company helped develop large areas of Florida in several counties, particularly Seminole, Polk, Manatee, Hillsborough, Hernando, Monroe and Orange. The Company held over 65,000 acres by the time it was initially dissolved in 1892 following Sanford's death. Investors then reorganized and operated the company until 1905, when it was permanently shut down.

The Florida Land and Colonization Company office was a two story wooden building that was designed in the "Queen Anne" style and was constructed almost entirely of local pine trees. It could be seen located directly overlooking the water in Sanford in photographs and featured both running water and gas lighting. An important aspect of the Company's history was Sanford's use of European, in particular British, investors to finance his venture in Florida. The involvement of foreign investors at times frustrated Sanford because he required their approval and also had to deal with their appointed managers in Florida. The involvement of international investors was significant, largely because it signified Florida's growing connection to the international economy.